Source:http://www.irfi.org/articles2/articles_3151_3200/the%20great%20muslim%20scientists%20of%20all%20timehtml.htm
Chemists and Alchemists
al-Khwārizmī, in full Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī
(born c. 780, Baghdad, Iraq—died c. 850), Muslim mathematician
and astronomer whose major works introduced Hindu-Arabic numerals and
the concepts of algebra into European mathematics. Latinized versions of his name and of his most famous book title live on in the terms algorithm and algebra.
Source: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/317171/al-Khwarizmi
Avicenna, Arabic Ibn Sīnā, in full Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Sīnā
(born 980, near Bukhara, Iran [now in Uzbekistan]—died 1037, Hamadan, Iran)
Muslim physician, the most famous and influential of the philosopher-scientists of the Islamic world. He was particularly noted for his contributions in the fields of Aristotelian philosophy and medicine. He composed the Kitāb al-shifāʾ (Book of the Cure), a vast philosophical and scientific encyclopaedia, and Al-Qanun fi al-Tibb (The Canon of Medicine), which is among the most famous books in the history of medicine.
Source: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/45755/Avicenna
Abū Mūsā Jābir ibn Ḥayyān, (born c. 721, Ṭūs, Iran—died c. 815, Al’ Kūfah, Iraq), alchemist known as the father of Arab chemistry. He systematized a “quantitative” analysis of substances and was the inspiration for Geber, a Latin alchemist who developed an important corpuscular theory of matter.
Source: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/298619/Abu-Musa-Jabir-ibn-Hayyan
al-Jazarī, (flourished c. 1206), Muslim inventor. He is remembered for his automaton
designs, including water-operated automatons, many of which were moving
peacocks. Most are decorative fanciful objects, though some also serve a
function. Leonardo da Vinci is said to have been influenced by the
classic automatons of al-Jazarī.
Source: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/301961/al-Jazari
al-Rāzī, in full Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn Zakariyyāʾ al-Rāzī, Latin Rhazes
(born c. 854, Rayy, Persia [now in Iran]—died
925/935, Rayy), celebrated alchemist and Muslim philosopher who is also
considered to have been the greatest physician of the Islamic world.
Source: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/492607/al-Razi
al-Bīrūnī, in full Abū al-Rayḥān Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad al-Bīrūnī
(born Sept. 4, 973 ce, Khwārezm, Khorāsān [now in Uzbekistan]—died c. 1052, Ghazna [now Ghaznī, Afg.), Muslim
astronomer, mathematician, ethnographist, anthropologist, historian,
and geographer. Al-Bīrūnī lived during a period of unusual political
turmoil in the eastern Islamic world. He served more than six different
princes, all of whom were known for their bellicose activities and a
good number of whom met their ends in violent deaths. Nevertheless, he
managed to become the most original polymath the Islamic world had ever
known.
Source: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/66790/al-Biruni
Ibn al-Haytham, Latinized as Alhazen, in full, Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥasan ibn al-Haytham
(born c. 965, Basra, Iraq—died c. 1040, Cairo,
Egypt), mathematician and astronomer who made significant contributions
to the principles of optics and the use of scientific experiments.
Source: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/738111/Ibn-al-Haytham
Computer Scientists
Jawed Karim (born in 1979 in Germany) Bangli-German American software engineer; lead architect of PayPal
and co-founder of YouTube.
Source: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1262578/YouTube
Pierre Morad Omidyar (born June 21, 1967 in France) Iranian American entrepreneur; founder of eBay.
Source: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1438655/Pierre-Omidyar
Earth Scientists
al-Masʿūdī, in full Abū al-Ḥasan ʿAlī ibn al-Ḥusayn al-Masʿūdī
(born before 893, Baghdad, Iraq—died September 956, Al-Fusṭāṭ,
Egypt [now part of Cairo]), historian and traveler, known as the “Herodotus of the Arabs.” He was the first Arab to combine history and scientific geography in a large-scale work, Murūj al-dhahab wa maʿādin al-jawāhir (“The Meadows of Gold and Mines of Gems”), a world history.
Source: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/368842/al-Masudi
ash-Sharīf al-Idrīsī, byname of Abū ʿabd Allāh Muḥammad Ibn Muḥammad Ibn ʿabd Allāh Ibn Idrīs Al-ḥammūdī Al-ḥasanī Al-idrīsī
(born 1100, Sabtah, Mor.—died 1165/66, Sicily, or Sabtah), Arab geographer, an adviser to Roger II, the Norman king of Sicily. He wrote one of the greatest works of medieval geography, Kitāb nuzhat al-mushtāq fī ikhtirāq al-āfāq (“The Pleasure Excursion of One Who Is Eager to Traverse the Regions of the World”).
Al-Idrīsī
traced his descent through a long line of princes, caliphs, and holy
men to the Prophet Muḥammad. His immediate forebears, the Ḥammūdids of the short-lived caliphate (1016–58) in Spain and North Africa, were an offshoot of the Idrīsids of Morocco (789–985), a dynasty descended from Muḥammad’s eldest grandson, al-Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī.
Source: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/282089/ash-Sharif-al-Idrisi
Ibn Battutah, in full Abu 'Abd Allah Muhammad ibn 'Abd Allah al-Lawati al-Tanji ibn Battutah (1304–68?). The best-known
medieval Arab traveler was Ibn Battutah. He wrote one of the most
famous travel books in history, the Rihlah (Travels).
Source: http://kids.britannica.com/comptons/article-9275019/Ibn-Battutah
Physicists
Abdus Salam, (born Jan. 29,
1926, Jhang Maghiāna, Punjab, India [now in Pakistan]—died Nov. 21,
1996, Oxford, Eng.), Pakistani nuclear physicist who was the corecipient
with Steven Weinberg and Sheldon Lee Glashow of the 1979 Nobel Prize for Physics for their work in formulating the electroweak theory, which explains the unity of the weak nuclear force and electromagnetism.
Source: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/518872/Abdus-Salam
A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, in full Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam
(born October 15, 1931, Rameswaram, India), Indian scientist and
politician who played a leading role in the development of India’s
missile and nuclear weapons programs.
Source: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/861164/APJ-Abdul-Kalam
